In a groundbreaking study, researchers have unveiled new insights into the lifespan of dogs, revealing that breed, body size, and facial structure significantly influence their life expectancy. The comprehensive analysis, the largest of its kind, examined data from nearly 600,000 dogs across the UK, uncovering a broad lifespan range among various breeds.
The average life expectancy for dogs in the UK was determined to be approximately 12.5 years. However, this figure varied widely, with lifespans ranging from a mere 5.4 years to an impressive 15.4 years across the studied breeds. Notably, Lancashire heelers emerged as the breed with the longest average lifespan. Despite being classified as a "vulnerable native breed" by the Kennel Club, these dogs, thought to be a cross between Welsh corgis and Manchester terriers, boasted the highest longevity.
On the other end of the spectrum, certain breeds exhibited significantly shorter expected lifespans. Caucasian shepherds, with an average lifespan of only 5.4 years, had the shortest, followed closely by Presa Canario and Cane Corso mastiffs, with lifespans of 7.7 and 8.1 years, respectively.
The study, conducted by the Dogs Trust and published in the journal Scientific Reports, highlighted the health risks associated with brachycephalic (flat-faced) breeds, such as pugs and French bulldogs. These dogs face a 40% higher risk of shorter lifespans compared to other breeds, with males and females of medium-sized flat-faced breeds living an average of 9.1 and 9.6 years, respectively. Despite their growing popularity, these breeds suffer from numerous health issues, including breathing difficulties, digestive problems, and eye and dental conditions, leading to a health and welfare crisis among such breeds.
Dr. Dan O'Neill, chair of the Brachycephalic Working Group, stressed the importance of prioritizing health over appearance when choosing a dog breed. He urged potential owners to consider breeds with better chances of a long and healthy life, highlighting the study's finding that flat-faced dogs live approximately 1.5 years less than the typical dog lifespan.
The research team, led by Dr. Kirsten McMillan of the Dogs Trust, gathered data on 150 pure and crossbreeds from various UK sources. Alongside the Lancashire heeler, breeds like the Tibetan spaniel and miniature dachshund were found to have some of the longest lifespans. Surprisingly, pure breeds were found to live longer on average than crossbreeds, challenging the common belief in the superiority of genetic diversity among mixed breeds.
Additionally, the study found that female dogs tend to live longer than males, and small long-nosed breeds, such as whippets, have the highest average life expectancy at 13.3 years. These findings underline the complex interplay of factors affecting canine longevity and highlight the need for further investigation into specific risk factors for early death.
The study's comprehensive analysis offers valuable insights for breeders, policymakers, and dog owners, emphasizing the need for informed decision-making to enhance the welfare and longevity of companion dogs. By understanding the diverse factors influencing dog health and lifespan, stakeholders can take meaningful steps towards improving the lives of these beloved pets.